The Psychological
Foundations of Culture
Edited by
Mark Schaller
University of British Columbia
Christian S. Crandall
University of Kansas
Contents
INTRODUCTION 1
1. The Psychological Foundations of Culture: An Introduction
Mark Schaller, Lucian Gideon Conway, and Christian S. Crandall
3
PART I: HOW CULTURES EMERGE AT ALL 13
2. Human Awareness of Mortality and the Evolution of Culture
Sheldon Solomon, Jeff Greenberg, Jeff Schimel, Jamie Arndt,
and Tom Pyszczynski
15
3. Cultural Elements Emerge From Dynamic Social Impact
Helen C. Harton and Martin J. Bourgeois
41
4. Language, Cognition, and Reality: Constructing Shared
Meanings Through Communication
Ivy Y. –M. Lau, Sau-lai Lee, and Chi-yue Chiu
77
5. Motivated Closed Mindedness and the Emergence
of Culture
Linda Richter and Arie W. Kruglanski
101
PART II: HOW SPECIFIC CULTURAL NORMS ARISE 123
6. Biological Foundations of Moral Norms
Dennis Krebs and Maria Janicki
125
vii
7. Cognitive and Emotional Processes in the Cultural
Transmission of Natural and Nonnatural Beliefs
Ara Norenzayan and Scott Atran
149
8. Self-Organizing Culture: How Norms Emerge
in Small Groups
Holly Arrow and K. L. Burns
171
9. Scientists and Science: How Individual Goals Shape
Collective Norms
Christian S. Crandall and Mark Schaller
201
PART III: HOW CULTURES PERSIST AND CHANGE
OVER TIME
225
10. The Microgenesis of Culture: Serial Reproduction as an
Experimental Simulation of Cultural Dynamics
Allison McIntyre, Anthony Lyons, Anna Clark,
and Yoshihisa Kashima
227
11. Sustaining Cultural Beliefs in the Face of Their Violation:
The Case of Gender Stereotypes
Deborah A. Prentice and Erica Carranza
259
12. When Believing Is Seeing: Sustaining Norms of Violence
in Cultures of Honor
Joseph A. Vandello and Dov Cohen
281
13. Move the Body, Change the Self: Acculturative Effects
of the Self-Concept
Steven J. Heine and Darrin R. Lehman
305
EPILOGUE 333
14. Toward a Conception of Culture Suitable for a Social
Psychology of Culture
Glenn Adams and Hazel Rose Markus
335
Author Index
Subject Index
361
377
Foundations of Culture
Edited by
Mark Schaller
University of British Columbia
Christian S. Crandall
University of Kansas
Contents
INTRODUCTION 1
1. The Psychological Foundations of Culture: An Introduction
Mark Schaller, Lucian Gideon Conway, and Christian S. Crandall
3
PART I: HOW CULTURES EMERGE AT ALL 13
2. Human Awareness of Mortality and the Evolution of Culture
Sheldon Solomon, Jeff Greenberg, Jeff Schimel, Jamie Arndt,
and Tom Pyszczynski
15
3. Cultural Elements Emerge From Dynamic Social Impact
Helen C. Harton and Martin J. Bourgeois
41
4. Language, Cognition, and Reality: Constructing Shared
Meanings Through Communication
Ivy Y. –M. Lau, Sau-lai Lee, and Chi-yue Chiu
77
5. Motivated Closed Mindedness and the Emergence
of Culture
Linda Richter and Arie W. Kruglanski
101
PART II: HOW SPECIFIC CULTURAL NORMS ARISE 123
6. Biological Foundations of Moral Norms
Dennis Krebs and Maria Janicki
125
vii
7. Cognitive and Emotional Processes in the Cultural
Transmission of Natural and Nonnatural Beliefs
Ara Norenzayan and Scott Atran
149
8. Self-Organizing Culture: How Norms Emerge
in Small Groups
Holly Arrow and K. L. Burns
171
9. Scientists and Science: How Individual Goals Shape
Collective Norms
Christian S. Crandall and Mark Schaller
201
PART III: HOW CULTURES PERSIST AND CHANGE
OVER TIME
225
10. The Microgenesis of Culture: Serial Reproduction as an
Experimental Simulation of Cultural Dynamics
Allison McIntyre, Anthony Lyons, Anna Clark,
and Yoshihisa Kashima
227
11. Sustaining Cultural Beliefs in the Face of Their Violation:
The Case of Gender Stereotypes
Deborah A. Prentice and Erica Carranza
259
12. When Believing Is Seeing: Sustaining Norms of Violence
in Cultures of Honor
Joseph A. Vandello and Dov Cohen
281
13. Move the Body, Change the Self: Acculturative Effects
of the Self-Concept
Steven J. Heine and Darrin R. Lehman
305
EPILOGUE 333
14. Toward a Conception of Culture Suitable for a Social
Psychology of Culture
Glenn Adams and Hazel Rose Markus
335
Author Index
Subject Index
361
377